Larry, I'm going to compartmentalize your various points into separate posts to make it easier for me to make some focused replies.
LarryJM wrote:
---I guess my point for one to consider is that this VESC-5 document has not been subject to review nor changes considered in over 30 YEARS and could be considered way out of date which is unfortunate since a current and actively reviewed document could be considered much more authoritative.
I will leave it to the vehicle manufacturers and towing equipment manufacturers to decide whether VESC-5 (a.k.a. "V-5") is authoritative.
One of many examples from companies who apparently consider V-5 to be authoritative is given by
Cequent Towing Products, owner of the Reese brand.
The first paragraph of the Reese Towing-Hitches page states:
Reese Towpower custom built trailer hitches feature solid all – welded construction for maximum strength and safety. A perfect fit is guaranteed by building to the manufacturer’s vehicle weight specifications and model year, ensuring top towing performance. All Reese Towpower hitches are TESTED TOUGH to meet and exceed V-5, CSA and SAE J684 standards. Computer aided design and fatigue stress testing create a strong design that will withstand road abuse within specified capacities. Every Reese Towpower hitch receives an exclusive paint finish, a proprietary, OEM approved, 2-step process specifically designed to fight rust for the longest life and provide best appearance in the industry. All of these hitches are backed by a nationwide limited lifetime warranty.
(underline and bold added for emphasis)
Note that the Reese document refers to "hitches", "receiver hitches", and "receivers" as being the same thing.
The SAE J684 standard mentioned above is based on VESC-5 and contains the same hitch (receiver) test load specifications.
If you want to do a search for "V-5", you can find many more examples of manufacturers who apparently consider VESC-5 to be an authoritative document.
Ron