Parker.rowe, you went into a little more detail than I would have or wanted to, but you are correct. However, I would not call it learning because that infers the computer gaining knowledge it did not know on it's current maps. Everything the ECU does is preloaded into the ECU it is just the factor of reaching those parameters to achieve the desired outcome so it isn't really learning, it is just using what is already programmed into the ECM.
Today's engines use sensors with a wider band, and things like cam phasers and direct injection that Ford uses allows them change timing instantly compared to older electronic fuel injection systems.
