Another potential factor is multi-squirt during the combustion stroke
With today’s computer and injector’s there is that potential.
First squirt to get it going and is normally a bigger or more fuel injected
Subsequent squirts will have much lower amounts of fuel
Found this looking at gasoline ICE’s with no spark plug. Direct injection, combustion ignition (DICI) gassers
The early models had projections of higher MPG in Diesel range
Bottom line will always have diesel provide higher MPG because it has more BTU’s per measure compared to gasoline
IIrc, Nox was troublesome and the thought at that time to leave it to downstream components/system to manage (such a poor choice IMHO)
Forgot about that and will look into that again
