I don't think you understand tire sizing. The rim size doesn't necessarily change the overall diameter. The factory 20's will be rated to carry the max weights that the truck is rated for, just as the 17's. The speedo will be close (or already factory recalibrated)and there will be little difference in braking etc as the overall diameter is similar. If you upsize the tires where the overall diameter is larger then you will affect the speedo, ratings...
The Silverado has several tire size options; 255/70r17, 265/65r18, 275/55r20 and even 22s
The first number (255)is the tire width in millimeters. The 2nd (70) is the height of the sidewall in percentage of width. As in the sidewall is 70 percent of 255 tall. The last number being the rim size.
In the 3 sizes available you'll see that as the width and rim size increases, the percent of sidewall decreases. This keeps the overall diameter the same or close.
See here for
tire size comparison