For motors (not fractional HP) a breaker is typically rated more than the wire rating to allow for starting current (look at an RV AC unit). Same for capacitors, tap conductors and when rounding up to the next nearest standard breaker size. The NEC allows 15 amp receptacles to be supplied by a 20 amp circuit (table 210.21(B)(2)) which is a bit of an odd one, esp. when you could be using an extension cord with a multi-outlet end on it.
yes my a/c is on a 20amp breaker and it has 12ga 20amp wire on the circuit NOT 14ga 15amp wire
yes you can put 15amp receptacles on a 20amp breaker, BUT the wire is 12ga
its not about the load on one receptacle.. its about over heating the wire in the wall, a string of duplex outlets might have a total load of 18amps, so 12ga wire and 20amp breaker..14ga wire is used for ceiling lighting in many places.. but 12ga wire is used in the walls for the duplex outlets
and the TOPIC is/was electric heaters on duplex outlets.. NOT A/C compressors
hard wired motor circuits are another topic
the NEC is full of variations..depending on what is being wired
industrial..commercial..residential
in residential/RV duplex circuits.. the breaker will NOT be larger than the rating of the wire in circuit connecting breaker to the load
NO 20amp breakers on 14ga wire on duplex circuits