You could make a "sub-frame" of angle iron and bolt or weld it to the original battery support angle iron so the bottom of the box would sit directly on it. Some wood could work also as long as not pressure-treated.
You could weld on a length of angle iron to the top of the A-frame on each side and attach the box to that.
You could consider a "trailer tongue storage" box like this one as an alternative. They are available in a dimension to fit the angle of the A-frame and it could sit directly on top of the original battery support angle iron.
tongue box I bought one for our last TT and it was taller than needed and I was going to cut the aluminum and reduce the overall height plus I was going to let it hang down a few inches below the A-frame. Bought a new TT and didn't get around to installing it. Not as wide as the one you are thinking of but it is taller...
Those long U-bolts would work too. If you are putting batteries in the box, I think I would use 2 per side.
Whatever you do, I would not bolt steel (even stainless) directly to aluminum. If you go to Ace Hardware, they have a selection of nylon step washers you can use to isolate the metal.