Cavitation is probable what you are concerned about.
There is no way to check the condition of the sleeves.
There are no warning signs.
Where diesel cylinder cavitation is concerned, the bubbles are formed by the rapid flexing of the cylinder wall liners as the high compression, high energy diesel combustion process takes place. Much like if you filled a plastic liter pop bottle up with water and rapidly flexed the sides of the bottle back and forth with your hand. Bubbles form without any heat present. The bubbles in diesel cylinder wall cavitation don't explode, they implode due to pressure. It is this implosion against the metal surface that causes the pitting to form in the outside of the cylinder wall. Eventually the prolonged pitting will become a hole. Water/coolant enters the cylinder, and thus we have engine failure (usually via hydrolock). Unlike gasoline engines, all diesel engines experience some level of inherent cavitation, some worse than others.
Only thing you can do is check the ph of the coolant and maintenance records for coolant flush and change.
If the engine has extended life coolant or has the ph checked and has been serviced regularly then the chances of cavitation problems will be minimal.
No maintenance = big problems.