I-10 passes north of the ship channel, however there are steep bridges on both beltway 8 (toll road) and I-610, fog can also be an issue north of Galveston Bay (Beaumont to Baytown on I-10) in the mornings in early spring, though typically this is more common in March. The bridges are usually not a big deal, but are steep enough to slow down some large trucks. On this topic take the I-210 bypass around Lake Charles LA, it will add 3-5 miles, but will let you avoid the steep, narrow, antiquated I-10 bridge that dates back to the late 1940's, the I-210 bridge by contrast was built in the 1970's.
I-10 west (katy freeway) in Houston is a mixed use roadway with free interstate outer lanes, and limited access HOV / toll road expressway down the middle which I think is EZ pass only. The katy freeway built about 10-15 years ago is the widest stretch of freeway in the US in places up to 22 lanes wide and about 25 miles long.
p.s. here are a couple of photos for you
Katy freeway, and the I-10 bridge in Lake Charles, LA