The battery in the photo is a 6 Volt GC-2 Golf car Battery This is a True DEEP CYCLE battery lead acid, "Flooded wet Cell" you use two of them in series to get what amounts to a single 12 volt (4D) battery (You don't want a 4D as they are HEAVY but splitting it into two GC-2 makes it managable).
Advantages: Lowest cost per unit (amp hour) Long life if properly maintained. Easy to find (Any golf course or battery dealer).
Disadvantage: You need to add DISTILLED water from time to time and most frequent cleaning. This one get one of my top recommendations.
MARINE/deep cycle, maintenance free, these are usually 12 volt batteries..
Sealed Valve Regulated Lead Acid.
Advantages: You do not need to add Distilled water. in fact you can not.
They need less frequent cleaning (still need it however)
Disadvantage. Less usable power (about 25% capacity instead of 50% of DEEP CYCLE) Higher cost
AGM.. Sub set of Maintenance free (SVRLA) These may be obtainable in DEEP CYCLE as well a MARINE/deep cycle.. Higher cost. Though many claim longer life I've not seen it. Can be mounted other than "This side up"
Finally we have "exotic" types like LiFePo4 (Lithium Iron Phospate)
Advantage: Lighter in weight, You can use nearly 100% (over 90) of their capacity..
LIFE: Yet to be determined.... But most of the estimates I've read are in line with the above battery types.
Considerations: They need to be fed a bit differently (Different converter may be needed) they can exhibit "Thermal runaway" (Catch fire) but the better ones are "self monitored" to help prevent that.. And they do not work well in COLD weather. (Do not charge below freezing or some such) Some of the better ones are also monitored in this respect or may even use charger power to pre-heat the battery before charging.
COST: they are still expensive but ....dropping.
Home was where I park it. but alas the.
2005 Damon Intruder 377 Alas declared a total loss
after a semi "nicked" it. Still have the radios
Kenwood TS-2000, ICOM ID-5100, ID-51A+2, ID-880 REF030C most times