All, unless you’re going to go through all the calcs to determine the failure mode or weak link of a particular hub/wheel arrangement, you will actually never know and the vast majority of what’s been posted in the last page of this thread is supposition.
Double shear, bending, clamping force, tensile strength, even the angle of the acorn nuts all factor in to the strength of the system. And depending on the real world conditions, the max stress applied may result in a different failure mode than what one would think typical.
If y’all want to simplify it rather than try to back into the engineering reasons, then if you accept the “rating” of the highest rated truck that has the same components (In this case, wheel lugs), you can be comfortable knowing that the same components will hold up the same even in your lesser “rated” application.
Think about it this way. Hub centric/lug centric has little to do with the strength of the connection. Shear on lug studs is north of 30klbs. Tensile strength even higher.
Bending is the weakest mode of failure, that’s why ya keep yer nutz tight!
Bottom line, you’ll break something else before lugs overloading a pickup truck if the wheels have a proper connection to the hub, regardless of lug or hub centric.