Ford's answers to the NHTSA 6.7 Investigation
There was a request for a link to Ford's answer's to the NHTSA investigation posted on a previous thread, since closed. Here is the link: Ford's NHTSA Answers to the 6.7 investigation This PDF i...
Forum Discussion
How are additives validated as "harm free"?
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Protecting Diesel Fuel Injection Systems
Number: 2011-01-1927
Published: 2011-08-30
JSAE Technical Paper No. 20119110
Publisher: SAE International
Language: English
DOI: 10.4271/2011-01-1927
Author(s): Rinaldo Caprotti - Infineum UK; Nadia Bhatti - Infineum UK; Ishibe Nobuyuki - Infineum Japan
Citation:
Caprotti, R., Bhatti, N., and Nobuyuki, I., "Protecting Diesel Fuel Injection Systems," SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1927, 2011, doi:10.4271/2011-01-1927.
Citation
Abstract:
Diesel fuel injector deposits have been observed in the field for many years. Their location and composition is dependant on the type of Fuel Injection Equipment (FIE) technology utilised in vehicles and fuel quality. This paper first characterises such deposits and then defines the maximum acceptable level to ensure best field performance for the following FIE systems: InDirect Injection (IDI), High Pressure Common Rail (HPCR) and Electronic Unit Injection (EUI).
HPCR has been instrumental in achieving the lowest possible emissions and Fuel Consumption (FC) levels. It is now the only choice for new Passenger Car (PC) applications meeting Euro 5, US Tier 2 and Japan Post New Long Term emission regulations. Its use is also increasing in Heavy Duty (HD) applications. However, HPCR and EUI have both been shown to have a tendency to form injector deposits that can negatively impact emissions, power and fuel consumption. This has been confirmed in a variety of tests ranging from industry recognised bench engine tests to bench engine tests run in co-operation with OEMs and field programmes.
The data developed show that appropriate Deposit Control Additive (DCA) technology can prevent and restore the FIE to its optimum operating conditions. This has been confirmed using a mix of reference and market relevant fuels.
Any fuel additive solution should be harm free in field applications. Therefore, the DCA technology utilised in this paper has been validated through a series of robust harms tests that include a mix of standard industry tests, in house tests and field trials at elevated treat rates.
References:
Dober, G., Tullis, S., Greeves, G., Milovanovic, N., Hardy, M., and Zuelch, z., “The Impact of Injection Strategies on Emissions Reduction and Power Output of Future Diesel Engines,” SAE Technical paper 2008-01-0941:,
Carton, L. et al, “EU5 und danach: Integriertes Management von Verbrennung und Abgas bei PKW Common-Rail Dieselmotoren,” 13. Aachener Kolloquium Fahrzeug- und Motorentechnik, 2004.
Egger, k.Dr., Warga, J., Klügl, W., “Neues Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem mit Piezo-Aktorik für Pkw-Dieselmotoren,” published in MTZ 2002-09.
Ullmann, J., Geduldig, M., Stutzenberger, H., Caprotti, R., Balfour, G., “Effects of Fuel Impurities and Additive Interactions on the Formation of Internal Diesel Injector Deposits,” TAE Esslingen Symposium, 2009.
Panesar, A., Martens, A., Jansen, L., Surag, L., Ray, D., Twillwy, M., “Development of a new Peugeot XUD( 10 hour cyclic test to evaluate the nozzle coking propensity of diesel fuel,” SAE 2000-01-1921.
Graupner, O., Klaua, T., Caprotti, R., Breakspear, A., Schik, A., Rouff, C., “Injector Deposit Test for Modern Diesel Engines,” TAE Symposium, 2005.
Caprotti, R., Breakspear, A., Graupner, O., Klaua, T., Kohnen, O., “Beyond 2008: The Challenges for Diesel Detergency,” TAE Symposium 2007.
Caprotti, R., Bhatti, N., Tang, T., Chew, W K., “Flexible Solutions to Control Direct Injection Deposits in Asia Pacific,” 15th Annual Fuel and Lubes conference.
DieselNet, “Emission Test Cycles,” http://www.dieselnet.com.proxy.lib.uwaterloo.ca/standards/cycles/ece_eudc.html
Tang, J., Pischinger, S., Lamping, M., Körfer, T. et al., “Coking Phenomena in Nozzle Orifices of Dl-Diesel Engines,” SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2(1):259-272, 2009, doi:10.4271/2009-01-0837.
---------------
Protecting Diesel Fuel Injection Systems
Number: 2011-01-1927
Published: 2011-08-30
JSAE Technical Paper No. 20119110
Publisher: SAE International
Language: English
DOI: 10.4271/2011-01-1927
Author(s): Rinaldo Caprotti - Infineum UK; Nadia Bhatti - Infineum UK; Ishibe Nobuyuki - Infineum Japan
Citation:
Caprotti, R., Bhatti, N., and Nobuyuki, I., "Protecting Diesel Fuel Injection Systems," SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1927, 2011, doi:10.4271/2011-01-1927.
Citation
Abstract:
Diesel fuel injector deposits have been observed in the field for many years. Their location and composition is dependant on the type of Fuel Injection Equipment (FIE) technology utilised in vehicles and fuel quality. This paper first characterises such deposits and then defines the maximum acceptable level to ensure best field performance for the following FIE systems: InDirect Injection (IDI), High Pressure Common Rail (HPCR) and Electronic Unit Injection (EUI).
HPCR has been instrumental in achieving the lowest possible emissions and Fuel Consumption (FC) levels. It is now the only choice for new Passenger Car (PC) applications meeting Euro 5, US Tier 2 and Japan Post New Long Term emission regulations. Its use is also increasing in Heavy Duty (HD) applications. However, HPCR and EUI have both been shown to have a tendency to form injector deposits that can negatively impact emissions, power and fuel consumption. This has been confirmed in a variety of tests ranging from industry recognised bench engine tests to bench engine tests run in co-operation with OEMs and field programmes.
The data developed show that appropriate Deposit Control Additive (DCA) technology can prevent and restore the FIE to its optimum operating conditions. This has been confirmed using a mix of reference and market relevant fuels.
Any fuel additive solution should be harm free in field applications. Therefore, the DCA technology utilised in this paper has been validated through a series of robust harms tests that include a mix of standard industry tests, in house tests and field trials at elevated treat rates.
References:
Dober, G., Tullis, S., Greeves, G., Milovanovic, N., Hardy, M., and Zuelch, z., “The Impact of Injection Strategies on Emissions Reduction and Power Output of Future Diesel Engines,” SAE Technical paper 2008-01-0941:,
Carton, L. et al, “EU5 und danach: Integriertes Management von Verbrennung und Abgas bei PKW Common-Rail Dieselmotoren,” 13. Aachener Kolloquium Fahrzeug- und Motorentechnik, 2004.
Egger, k.Dr., Warga, J., Klügl, W., “Neues Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem mit Piezo-Aktorik für Pkw-Dieselmotoren,” published in MTZ 2002-09.
Ullmann, J., Geduldig, M., Stutzenberger, H., Caprotti, R., Balfour, G., “Effects of Fuel Impurities and Additive Interactions on the Formation of Internal Diesel Injector Deposits,” TAE Esslingen Symposium, 2009.
Panesar, A., Martens, A., Jansen, L., Surag, L., Ray, D., Twillwy, M., “Development of a new Peugeot XUD( 10 hour cyclic test to evaluate the nozzle coking propensity of diesel fuel,” SAE 2000-01-1921.
Graupner, O., Klaua, T., Caprotti, R., Breakspear, A., Schik, A., Rouff, C., “Injector Deposit Test for Modern Diesel Engines,” TAE Symposium, 2005.
Caprotti, R., Breakspear, A., Graupner, O., Klaua, T., Kohnen, O., “Beyond 2008: The Challenges for Diesel Detergency,” TAE Symposium 2007.
Caprotti, R., Bhatti, N., Tang, T., Chew, W K., “Flexible Solutions to Control Direct Injection Deposits in Asia Pacific,” 15th Annual Fuel and Lubes conference.
DieselNet, “Emission Test Cycles,” http://www.dieselnet.com.proxy.lib.uwaterloo.ca/standards/cycles/ece_eudc.html
Tang, J., Pischinger, S., Lamping, M., Körfer, T. et al., “Coking Phenomena in Nozzle Orifices of Dl-Diesel Engines,” SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2(1):259-272, 2009, doi:10.4271/2009-01-0837.
