I think some of those small sealed batteries are just throw away type... My utility trailer had one maybe around 5Ah capacity but it was in a sealed box under the frame and the terminals not easily accessible... Its only needed to work for just a couple of minutes when stopping the run-away trailer...
My neighbors flat bed trailer has the surge brakes on it and doesn't require a Brake Controller module... I have never noticed anything about where his battery was located or how big it is...
Lots of good info on ETRAILER.COM site on Trailer Brake systems including the battery maintenance etc.... They suggest you not hookup a constant trickle charge as that will over charge the battery. They have a very inexpensive charger adapter unit that plugs into the 7-way trailer connector on the truck that is a smart trickle charger and will not over-charge the small battery. This would be using the 12VDC coming from the truck start battery setup. Also has a light warning system setup to tell you the status of the small battery...
Roy Ken