Assuming you have the interior space to provide required clearances, there's no reason it won't work
BUT
You must take care to provide a means of supplying exterior air to the stove for combustion purposes. The biggest threat to personal safety in this scenario is that the fire may consume all room oxygen, leaving occupants, for want of a better word, DEAD.
RV's, like their more stationary relatives mobile homes, don't "breathe" like conventionally built structures, and room air can be consumed very quickly by an oxygen-hungry fire. This is the reason that ALL wood stoves intended/approved for installation in mobile homes must have an outside air source installed and plumbed during installation.