The issue is not so much the battery type, rather something wrong with either the batteries or the phone. Since this time it is not happening during charging, for some reason the batteries in this phone are being unexpectedly rapidly discharged, maybe shorted out. It is up to Samsung this time to figure out what they've done wrong.
The technology has been around a long time. The overheating problem with rechargable batteries (and some types of single use batteries) has been around a lot longer. When the laptop manufacturers were still using nickel-metal hydride technology some poorly made batteries and poorly managed charging systems caused a few recalls for overheating, the overload and heating even extending to the power brick when charging got into runaway mode.
My first overheating experience with small batteries was with NiCads, shorted one out in my hand, dropped it real fast. I was so accustomed to carbon-zinc and its high internal resistance, did not think about NiCad needing special handling. Already did know you never want to short out lead-acid batteries, had known them to blow up because somebody dropped a wrench across the posts.