This comes up often on the truck camper threads since we carry so much weight on the rear axle. The manufacturer gives the vehicle a GVWR but this number is only strictly enforced for warranty work. Your state will take the lowest number of one of the following:
1. Weight rating on tires
2. Registered weight on license
3. Maximum road weight limits
The RAWR listed on your vehicle is weakest component rating between frame, axle, suspension and wheels. It may also have some marketing or warranty liability correction factor. If you start to spec out the components in your vehicle, you will find what drives that limit and how much more you can increase by upgrading one or more of the weaker components.
Example: Say you find that your vehicle has a Dana 60 axle with tires rated at 5000 lbs and rims rated at 6000 lbs. Even though the axle is rated over 7000 lbs, you will have a rating of 5000 lbs or less due the lessor component.