I'm not quite sure what you're envisioning in terms of platforms. Are you just layering together planks laid one on top of the other? In that case, screws going through them will hold up just fine; countersink if you think it needful.
If you're thinking of something more along the lines of a little deck, with joists and posts or legs, then the joists should rest on top of the legs so the weight is directly transferred and fasteners etc. are used only to keep things in proper position.
If you're having joists that rest directly on the ground, with decking above, screwing the decking into the joists will work fine and won't work loose in any reasonable length of time. Countersink the screws a bit if it makes you feel better.
In any case, I would try to ensure that the base of the platforms where it contacts the ground has sufficient area that it won't sink too much.
In general, a properly made glued joint in wood, with modern wood glues, is stronger than the wood itself. A poorly made joint is not so strong, of course, and not all glues are suitable for all uses (in particular, some are not waterproof/water resistant).