I do agree the best part of a cheap Chinese LED flood light is the housing.
To rebuild it in a fashion that supports external dimming a resistor dropper is your only choice. Any kind of active circuitry, linear or switching would be confused with an external PWM supply.
The driver pictured might be a linear constant current driver, and the big capacitor is the reason for poor response to your external dimmer.
The downside to a resistor dropper is extreme energy waste, especially for a high power LED.
A switching driver with built in dimming and external control support is what I recommend. Like a Luxdrive Buck-puck. It comes with an analog dimming input you can connect a pot to and use as a brightness knob.