I was advised against using carpet on the walls in an RV I built, being told it was very hard to keep clean. Due to the difficulty of using anything else I went with carpet in the bedroom.
I had no problem with it, vacuum it once in a while, maybe if you smoke and have pets, burn incense or put it behind the kitchen work area it might not do so well! Shower stall is definitely out.
It's been a long time but I think I used something called Henry carpet adhesive. This was regular carpet, not thin like you are describing. I would think 3M 77 would suffice, but may be something better on the market now?