I've seen many dusted engines over the years around trucks and ag machines, most caused by a loose or failed connection in the air intake system, an improperly installed filter or wrong part number, or a paper air filter "blown out" with compressed air and the media damaged accidentally. I can only recall one that was due to an air filter issue - a paper filter in a heavy truck with a Cat C15 engine. Dusting was found behind one filter during routine maintenance. The filter maker was contacted - The oil was changed and sent for analysis and air filters replaced and the truck sent back out to work. The filters were packaged at the dealership and sent to the filter manufacturers lab. The manufacturer agreed there was a defect in one filter and opened a work order to overhaul the owner's engine.
It does seem to happen a lot on the internet though...