So as far as fuel use goes:
So diesels are rated in amount of fuel flow/HP. The more the HP output is the more the fuel the pump can inject into the engine.
Take for example my 6.5 diesel rated from the factory at 200HP. That's all the fuel that can be injected into the engine...200HP worth at WOT.
My Duramax can inject 365HP worth of fuel at WOT.
So at WOT my Dmax will use a lot more fuel than my 6.5 diesel. If I limited my throttle setting to 200HP on my Dmax it would get "approximately" the same fuel mileage as my 6.5 diesel.
I towed the same trailer with my 6.5 as with my Dmax. They both got about the same mileage towing the same trailer.
Bottom line is, if you have more HP AND use more HP it will cost you more fuel.