The current 17 digit VIN became the standard in 1981. Each digit has a meaning, with the last 5-7 characters being serialized. Prior to 1981, there were VINs, but no standardization. Each manufacturer had their own standard. This was for all vehicles, including trailers. As noted, there may be a stamped number somewhere on the tongue of the trailer. Nearly all vehicles also have a hidden VIN somewhere on the vehicle. If you cannot locate it, an option to check out would be with your local, county, or state law enforcement. Most agencies have officers who specialise in truck/commercial inspections, and they know every possible location a hidden VIN could be located. Even for a 70s model, there's very likely a hidden VIN somewhere. And it could be a very short number, or combination of numbers and letters.
Good luck in your search!