The biggest issue with batteries is over filling and water on the cover, dead short between terminals, second is boiling the water in the cells, the cells need that space betwen the cap and the correct level of liquid, NAPA sells special battery watering bottles that when the special spout is pressed add the correct amount and do not spill, always use distilled water, never tap water it containes minerals that will short the cells and ruin the battery.
To solve the problem off the corrosion take the battery(s) out make a schematic of what other wires are connected and corret position in relation to the polarity, also note how the battery is positioned in the tray in relation to the negative - and the positive + posts on the battery and clean the batterie(s) with a rag dipped in a solution of bicarbonate and water, do not under any sircumstance let this solution enter the cells, the battery will be ruined, the caps are cleaned separate and the battery is cleaned with a rag rinsed in water.
!SHOULD YOU CONNECT THE BATTERY WHRONG THE COMPUTER(s) WILL FRY!
Clean both terminals by dippind in a solution of bicarbonate and water until completlly clean, this means removing the bolt, while cleaning the terminals brush a solution of bicarbonate on all areas where the battery sits and also check under the tray, rinse with running water let dry, paint with rustoleum spray.
Dip in a bucket with bicarbonate and water the tie downs rince and paint, remembering to do the nuts and washer separate, you might need to do the bicarbonate and weater several times, until the last dip or rag or brush is clean water, no green bubles.
To install the batteries get a battery post cleaning brush, this allows you to clan both the cable ends and the battery post, now attach the positive post, DO NOT HAMMER twist on with pressure, the cable ends can be spread with couple of srew dfi ers working in opposition, do not stab yourselfs now instal bolts and nuts and tighten well I mean tight so that you can not move the cable at all a lose cable ratling down the road will blow diodes in the alternator and rememer to connect all other wires that belong to this terminal, now do the same with the negative terminal, once this is done, (NAPA cells small brushes perfect for this) either use vaseline or axle grease and copmletlly cover the terminals even underneath, do not coat the battery top this will onlly create more problems by atracting dust and dirt and that will crate a path for the current to flow from post to post, the end result is a dead battery.
Should the cable ends be ruined to the point of being useless either have new cables installed or have the shop do it, a special tool is used to ensure a correct crimp of the terminal, some of the over the counter terminals are useless, they ruin more alternators than you would imagine.
I hope it helps a little
navegator