I found this years ago on one of my haulers websites. It was a paste and copy from FMCSA web page. It says who sets a trucks gvwr and the gawrs and a couple of reason why. Its been posted on this website some time back.
GUIDELINES FOR CALCULATING GVWR
Manufacturer Specifies GAWR and GVWR
(Letter of May 6, 1974 from FHWA to Heavy & Specialized Carriers Conference of American Trucking Associations):
“The sum of the GAWR’s must at least equal the specified GVWR to avoid overloading the axle systems, and the GAWR sum may, of course, exceed the GVWR. Typically the manufacturer balances the commercial advantage of specifying a higher GVWR against the expense of higher
GAWR’s”. GAWR Determination Includes Tires, Wheels, Brakes and Suspension.
"Vehicle manufacturers may determine the GVWR of a vehicle by calculating the maximum load rating of the vehicles axles, tires, brakes, frame, suspension and wheels in order to come up with a GVWR rating. Also, a manufacturer may limit the GVWR if so desired. So they could have the componentry to rate higher but choose a lower rating at their discretion for excise tax purposes."
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The early F450 pickup was some what popular with commercial haulers when it had those big 11500 lb rawr numbers. For what ever reason Ford neutered the F450 numbers down to F350 drw capacities. Their not recommended by many anymore for this type of work. It simple lost its money making payload advantages. Now its the F450 cab/chassis or a F350 drw.
The vast majority of RV folks don't need 11500 lb rear axle capacity for a towing a rv....which makes the new gen F450 a good choice with its better braking and some heavier components.
Older Fleet Ford specs were interesting in looking at the older (back to 1999) F450 vs the newer ones. All I can find now is the new Fleet Ford specs back to 2014.