At least this standard requires the engine to not overheat on a hot day, while producing maximum horsepower for a prolonged period of time - about 15 minutes, while climbing a huge mountain grade with more than 5% grade the whole way.
So it tests 'claims' of horsepower, cooling ability, and how much the truck is able to haul for a long time, without going under a certain speed while doing this.
Trucks must improve to meet this standard, stronger transmissions, larger radiators, better transmission cooling, ect. A 1980's truck without improvements would not pass this test with a 15,000 pound fifth wheel attached to it, and make it up the hill nearly as fast as the current gas pickups- even on a 85F day without the A/C on.
Trucks have improved so much since those early days.
Fred.