The 1156 and 1157 bulbs have been around almost as long as automobiles started having lights.
1156 is a standard 12 volt automotive bulb. It has a single filament and has 2 guide posts (little catches) on each side of the bulb shaft so it can inserted in the socket either direction.
The 1157 is a a 12 volt automotive bulb, but it has 2 filmanents. One filament is for turn signal and stop light, the other is a running light when you turn running lights on at night. The 1157 has 2 side posts also of different heights. It has to be inserted correctly so the stop-turn filament is right and the running light is right.
When picking one up, make sure you get the right one, as they look identical, unless you look close and see one has 1 filament and the other has two. Also, the single filament (1156) comes with a clear glass and they also come with a yellow glass.
You can purchase them pretty much anywhere, any automotive store, like Napa, even WallMart in the Automotive section. Sometimes, even grocery stores have them if they have a small section for automotive where they sell automotive motor oil. I have found that convenience stores and most gas stations do not sell these any more. They make their money off lottery tickets now!