Maybe just turn it off and see what isn't working any longer...
Is the fuse a screw-in type, such as used to be common for house fuse panels, or a 1/4" diameter cartridge type with contacts at either end, such as would be commonly used for electrical/electronic devices? And what rating is the fuse? Definitely it's the screw-in type, and I suspect probably if it's the cartridge type, the fuse would be for a 120V circuit rather than a 12V circuit. Reasonable guesses might be a 120V element in the water heater or some sort of a 120V heater/furnace system. I suppose it could also be for tank heaters (for wintertime operation). My reasonable guesses could be far off the mark, of course; they're only guesses.