Most phones have an email setting similar to ' days of email to sync'. This means these are the only emails brought to your phone. They are still online, just not brought to the phone, change the sync time if you wish.
Not sure about iphones but for Microsoft accounts, if you delete them using the phone they are deleted online.
MS accounts, if they are past the sync days go to
https://outlook.live.com/mail to see old emails.
2000 Sea Breeze F53 V10 - CR-V Toad
Some RV batteries live a long and useful life, some are murdered.
Get a Digital Multimeter and Learn How to Use It