I am not all that familiar with the 4G Dodge trucks. On previous years there were no markings on the wheel itself, so I doubt that the new ones will have changed to now include data. The dealer nor the parts department will have no data on the wheel either.
The only thing that one can absolutely, positively determine (as you alluded to) is that the wheel must meet at the very least (in terms of weight capacity) is the tire that it is mated to as it came from the factory. It is reasonably safe to say that the wheel itself is guaranteed to be rated for (at the very least) the same weight to that of tire that came with your truck as it rolled off the assembly line.
That said (and this is not guarantee) but does the same wheel in question come from the factory on any Power Wagon model? Does the Power Wagon still come from the factory with 285, LI=126 tires? Even if it does come with this tire/ wheel combination, the caveat that the factory could disclaim is that the PW does not allow for payload to be anywhere near what the tires might be capable of. But this might give a partial indication of wheel capacity.
One other item to possibly look into: Does Dodge offer the aluminum wheels in question on any SRW 3500 series truck for your year? IIRC, 2005 3500 SRW trucks came from the factory only with steel wheels. This was an indication to me that the aluminum wheels were not as capable as stock steel wheels. DYYD.
Sold the TC, previous owner of 2 NorthStar pop-ups & 2 Northstar Arrows...still have the truck:
2005 Dodge 3500 SRW, Qcab long bed, NV-6500, diesel, 4WD, Helwig, 9000XL,
Nitto 285/70/17 Terra Grapplers, Honda eu3000Is, custom overload spring perch spacers.