Yes, H27, to answer your question directly: Driving those miles on only one tire took whatever your rear axle weight is and put approximately 50% of it on the remaining tire instead of the normal roughly 25%.
**OR** and maybe worse, your words "next exit" tell me you were on a limited access, maybe Iterstate, rolling at or close to your highwa cruising speed. Tires already hot and stressed when all of a sudden all that weight dropped on the surviving tire. It was probably close to blowout right then.
Ironically, the rear inner seems to be the most likely to blow, and we think it's several things:
Inner, running hotter, with exhaust next to it
Extra load because the crown of the road loads inners a little more than outers
Repeated shock loads when the driver runs the outer tire off the edge of the
pavement, momentarily throwing the full load to the inner
What you went through was difficult, but you have lots of blessings to count. Most rear axle blowouts cause damage to tye coach body. In some cases LOTS of damage. We had one that was only minor damage but it still separated the body skin from the framework, ripped out the mudflap and bracing, loosened and nearly damaged the dump valves. I've heard of holding tanks broken, LPG lines torn out, etc. etc.
There may not have been enough of the inner to ever tell why it blew. If it was a road hazard, your fronts and the other duals might be just fine. Look at the tire date codes and see how old they actually are. That will help you decide what to do next. Michelin may be able to help you. I'd like to see you on a full set of known-good, trustworthy tires.
PS - Why I carry Spare, Jack, Blocks, HD wrenches, etc...
If God's Your Co-Pilot Move Over, jd
2003 Jayco Escapade 31A on 2002 Ford E450 V10 4R100 218" WB